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31 October 2024, Volume 53 Issue 5 Previous Issue   
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Inoculation with AMF Promotes the Photosynthetic and Antioxidant Capacities of Ponkan Leaves under High Temperature and Drought Stress ZHOU Hong-hui, GE Cong, HUANG Xiao-bing, ZHANG Long, LU Cong-hui, ZHANG Yu-ping, WANG Ping 2024, 53(5): 389-398.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.05.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1709KB) ( )   The effects of inoculation with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity in the leaves of Citrus reticulata ‘Ponkan’ under high temperature and drought stress were investigated. This study would provide Ponkan a production measure for resisting high temperature and drought stress. The experimental treatments were designed as follows: (1) Ponkan without AMF inoculation under high temperature and drought stress; (2) Ponkan with AMF inoculation under high temperature and drought stress; (3) Ponkan without AMF treatment under normal environmental conditions (control). In this study, AMF infection rate in the root and phenotype of Ponkan were observed, and the photosynthetic parameters, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured in the leaves. The results showed that the leaves of Ponkan without AMF inoculation were obviously yellowed and wilted under high temperature and drought stress compared with the control. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, maximum photochemical efficiency, actual photosynthetic efficiency and photosynthetic electron transport efficiency in the leaves of Ponkan without AMF inoculation were significantly decreased under high temperature and drought stress, while the intercellular CO2 concentration was increased compared with those of control. However, the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were increased, the intercellular CO2 concentration was decreased, and the photosynthetic capacity was enhanced in the leaves of Ponkan with AMF inoculation compared with those of Ponkan without AMF inoculation under high temperature and drought stress. In addition, the contents of O2܋, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) in leaves of Ponkan without AMF inoculation were increased while the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were decreased under high temperature and drought stress compared with those of control. However, the contents of O2܋, H2O2 and MDA were decreased and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes were increased in the leaves of Ponkan with AMF inoculation compared with those of Ponkan without AMF inoculation under high temperature and drought stress. The results demonstrated that Ponkan growth was inhibited, and the photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities was reduced in the the leaves of Ponkan without AMF inoculation, while the capacities were effectively improved in the leaves of Ponkan with AMF inoculation under high temperature and drought stress. Therefore, we conclude that the higher photosynthetic and ROS scavenging capacities in the leaves of Ponkan with AMF inoculation alleviate the physiological damage of the plants under high temperature and drought stress. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of 10 Phenylethanol Glycosides in Cistanche deserticola from Different Origins and 2 Species of Host Plants Based on UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS ZHAO Fa-fa, GUO Ye-hong, GAO Pei-wen, CHEN Jin-hui, ZHANG Wen-yao 2024, 53(5): 399-407.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.05.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (947KB) ( )   Ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QQQ- MS/MS) was used for the simultaneous determination of 10 phenylethanol glycosides in Cistanche deserticola of 2 host species from different origins. The results showed that the linearity of the 10 components to be measured was good in their respective ranges (R2＞0.9989), and the average recoveries of the controls were in the range from 94.61% to 102.71%, with the RSD values less than 3.39%, which indicated that the results of the established method were accurate. The total amount of phenylethanol glycosides of C. deserticola from Inner Mongolia was significantly higher than those of C. deserticola from Xinjiang and Gansu. The total amount of phenylethanol glycosides of Atriplex canescens – C. deserticola was in the order of Inner Mongolia＞Xinjiang＞Gansu, while the total amount of phenylethanol glycosides of Haloxylon ammodendron – C. deserticola was in the order of Inner Mongolia＞Gansu＞Xinjiang. The total amount of phenylethanol glycosides of A. canescens – C. deserticola from the 3 origins was higher than those of H. ammodendron – C. deserticola. It provided a more convenient assay for the determination of phenylethanol glycosides among C. deserticola of different origins and different hosts, and also provided scientific ideas for the quality evaluation and host selection of C. deserticola. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Red and Blue Light Supplementation on Photosynthesis of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum and Its Mechanism HONG Yu-yan, YANG Nan, PAN Meng-ting, LIN Mian-fa, XU Wen, XU Hui-long , FAN Shi-ming 2024, 53(5): 408-415.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.05.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1147KB) ( )   In this study, the effects of red and blue light supplementation on photosynthesis and its regulatory mechanism of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum were investigated, providing a reference for selecting suitable light conditions for T. hemsleyanum. Taking the seedlings of T. hemsleyanum as experiment materials and the white light as the control, the changes of chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of leaves in red and blue light supplementation were measured, and transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed by Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the chlorophyll contents and net photosynthetic rates of T. hemsleyanum leaves in red and blue light supplementation were higher than those in white light, and the blue light was significantly higher than those of other treatment groups. A total of 73 598 unigenes were obtained through assembly, among which 1831 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) were annotated. A total of 30 DEGs, including 20 enzymes, were identified in the photosynthesis-related pathways of T. hemsleyanum. Red and blue light supplementation could increase the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of T. hemsleyanum, and the blue light effect had the best effect, which preliminarily revealed the molecular mechanism of red and blue light regulating the photosynthesis of T. hemsleyanum, and laid a foundation for improving the wild domestication and artificial cultivation of T. hemsleyanum. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Full-length Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis of Medicinal Plant Pithecellobium clypearia ZHONG Feng-di, LING Teng-hong, MOU Gui-ping, ZHU Kong-yu, WANG Peng-long, YAN Xiao-dong 2024, 53(5): 416-424.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.05.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1099KB) ( )   As the plant with remarkable medicinal value, the insufficiency of genomic information of Pithecellobium clypearia restricts its in-depth comprehension. In this study, PacBio Sequel sequencing technology was employed to conduct full-length transcriptome sequencing of the mixed samples from roots, mature branches, young branches, mature leaves, and young leaf tissues of P. clypearia. The results showed that 118 472 unique transcripts were successfully identified and further categorized into 44 939 Unigenes. After comparison with the Nr, Uniprot, GO, KEGG, and KOG databases, functional annotations were provided for 37 198 Unigenes, and the majority of these Unigenes were involved in biological processes and metabolic pathways. Simultaneously, 13 897 Unigenes were discovered to undergo alternative splicing, including intron retention, 3' end splicing diversity, and 5' end splicing diversity. Additionally, 377 and 159 structural genes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and terpenoids, as well as 132 and 180 Unigenes encoding members of the MYB and WRKY transcription factor families, were identified. This study expanded the genomic resources of P. clypearia, provided valuable data support for exploring the metabolic regulatory mechanism of its bioactive components, screening of key genes, and development of molecular markers, laid a foundation for further exploitation of the medicinal value of P. clypearia in future. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Selection of Reference Genes for Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Cymbidium ensifolium GUO Li-ting, CHEN Juan, LI Yao, LI Jin-jin, TIAN Yang, AI Ye 2024, 53(5): 425-432.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.05.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1260KB) ( )   In this study, different organ tissues (floral organs: sepal, petal, lip and gynostemium; vegetative organs: root, pseudobulb, and leaf) of Cymbidium ensifolium ‘Dafengsu’ were used as materials, to screen out the stably expressed reference genes for real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression of five candidate internal reference genes (Actin, 18SrRNA, rpoB, GAPDH, EF-1a) in different organ tissues of ‘Dafengsu’ was analyzed by qRT-PCR. The expression stability of candidate reference genes was comprehensively evaluated by geNorm, NormFinder and Bestkeeper, and the selected reference genes were verified. The results indicated that the expression stability of candidate reference genes was varied, and GAPDH and Actin were the best stable reference genes in floral and vegetative organs in different parts of ‘Dafengsu’, respectively. This study can provide reference for the selection of reference genes in the gene expression research of C. ensifolium. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Diversity of Floral Traits and Ecological Strategies in 20 Apocynaceae Plants SUN Rui, SONG Peng-fei, YANG Shuai, HAN Mei, YANG Jie 2024, 53(5): 433-443.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.05.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1509KB) ( )   Floral traits, as one of the most diverse and complex collections of traits in life history stages of plants, perform ecological functions such as attraction, defence and resistance to achieve successful reproduction. Flower colour has lagged behind other traits in the study of floral traits, but flower color and its relationship with other floral traits play an important role in attracting pollinators and reproducing offspring in plants. In this study, we analyzed the diversity and correlation of five types of floral traits, including flower color, in 20 species of Apocynaceae, aiming to gain a deep understanding of the diversity of floral traits and their ecological strategies. The results showed that there was a wide diversity of floral traits in Apocynaceae, with significant differences between some floral traits of plants with different flower colors. In addition, we found different degrees of correlation between different floral traits in Apocynaceae, suggesting that plants are able to adopt appropriate ecological strategies through their own needs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Pinus massoniana Invasion on Tree Growth and Soil of Chinese fir and Its Cyclobalanopsis elevaticostata Mixed Forest CHEN Ming-jiu 2024, 53(5): 444-450.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.05.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1014KB) ( )   This study investigated the competitive growth dynamics between Pinus massoniana and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), and examined the influence of their respective mixed forest compositions on tree growth and soil physicochemical properties. The research focused on Chinese fir stands naturally invaded by P. massoniana through seed wind dispersal, as well as mixed forests P. massoniana and Chinese fir in combination with broadleaf species Cyclobalanopsis elevaticostata. Tree growth indices and soil physicochemical characteristics were measured and analyzed across these forest types. The main findings were as follows: (1) In the early stages, mixed broadleaf-conifer forests exhibited higher canopy closure and superior tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), and volume growth compared to pure P. massoniana and Chinese fir mixed forests, despite a lower stand density due to higher mortality rates of broadleaf trees. Furthermore, P. massoniana demonstrated better growth than Chinese fir in both forest types. (2) Soil physical properties showed no significant variation across different soil layers within the same forest type. However, soil bulk density increased with depth, while capillary water-holding capacity and capillary porosity decreased in mixed broadleaf-conifer stands. (3) Soil pH was consistently below 4.5 and no difference in the same stand. The concentrations of total potassium, total phosphorus, organic matter, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were higher in mixed broadleaf-conifer forests compared to P. massoniana and Chinese fir mixed forests, although the levels of available potassium and phosphorus were lower. In conclusion, natural seed invasion of P. massoniana proved strong, with this species demonstrating greater suitability for growth in the region. Mixed broadleaf-conifer forests were more effective in enhancing soil fertility compared to pure P. massoniana and Chinese fir stands, with P. massoniana exhibiting superior growth in both forest types. These findings provided valuable insights for the sustainable management of artificial forests. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Root Structure Characteristics of Phyllostachys edulis Forests and P. praecox Forests LÜ Hui-fei, WANG Ling-ling, ZHAO Zi-qing, SUN Han-jing, ZHENG Hui 2024, 53(5): 451-458.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.05.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (548KB) ( )   The study of differences in root structure characteristics between Phyllostachys edulis and P. praecox forests through measurements of length, volume, surface area, and dry weight of the root was carried out, which provided a basis for bamboo resource cultivation, soil management and enhancing the economic benefits of bamboo forests. The soil distribution characteristics of bamboo forest roots were investigated by using the methods of root digging scanning. P. edulis roots mainly distributed in the soil layer of 0-40 cm, and the root surface area, volume, length and dry mass accounted for more than 80% of the total root system. The proportions of root length and volume of different diameter classes in P. edulis and P. praecox forests showed the decreasing trend with the deepening of the soil layer. In the different diameter classes of P. edulis roots, roots with diameters＜1 mm had the highest proportion of length (70.45%), whereas those with diameters＞2 mm had the highest proportion of volume (78.73%). In P. praecox forest, the roots were distributed only in the soil layer of 0-40 cm, and the root volume, surface area, and dry weight accounted for more than 60% in the surface soil layer (0-20 cm). The root length accounted for 59.39% of the total length, and roots with diameters＜1 mm had the highest proportion of length (80.46%) among different diameter classes, though they had the smallest proportion of volume (16.63%). In the soil layer of 0-40 cm, the proportion of root length in three diameter classes showed that P. praecox forest was greater than P. edulis forest. The proportion of roots with diameters≤2 mm showed that P. edulis forest was less than P. praecox forest. The proportion of roots with diameters＞2 mm in P. edulis forest was greater than P. praecox forest. The soil layer of 0-40 cm is the main active layer for the growth of bamboo forest roots, and it is also the important level for soil management in bamboo forests. P. edulis and P. praecox differ significantly in root content and structure. P. edulis has the larger root structure compared to P. praecox. Therefore, it is necessary to propose measures that are more suitable for bamboo management by combining different root structure characteristics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Quantitative Evaluation of Cutting Rooting Ability of Rosa chinensis Varieties CHEN Juan, ZHENG Tian-rui, LI Shi-feng, LI Wei, ZHANG Hao, SONG Jie 2024, 53(5): 459-467.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.05.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1406KB) ( )   To comprehensively evaluate the rooting ability of different types and varieties of rose, and select the varieties with a strong rooting ability to provide reference for the future production and breeding of rose varieties, 59 rose varieties introduced and cultivated in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China were used as experimental materials, the root morphological indexes of rose cuttings were measured by WinRHIZO root analysis system, and the rooting ability of each rose variety was comprehensively quantitatively evaluated by principal component analysis and membership function analysis. The distribution of the root indexes of rose cuttings basically conformed to the normal distribution, except for the number of branches, the difference of the root indexes was small. Principal component analysis transformed 7 single indicators into 2 independent factors, with a cumulative contribution rate of 89.53%. Through membership function analysis, it was found that there were 23 varieties with a comprehensive score ≥0.40, accounting for 38.98%. In this study, 10 rose varieties with the strongest rooting ability were selected, including ‘Angela’, ‘Rouge Royal’, ‘Red Apple rose’, ‘Clg White Eden Rose’, ‘Highgrove’, ‘Pink Flamingo’, ‘Fensemenghuan’, ‘New Imagine’, ‘Billet Doux’ and ‘Crown Princess Margareta’, which can be used as a breed for large-scale production and as a parent for genetic improvement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Morphological Supplement to Parahellenia malipoensis (Costaceae) YAN Jia-wei, CHEN Juan 2024, 53(5): 468-470.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.05.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1104KB) ( )   The article offers additional floral morphology of a Costaceae species recently described from Yunnan, namely Parahellenia malipoensis Juan Chen, L.Y. Zeng, S. Jin Zeng & N. H. Xia. This species is readily distinguished from other Parahellenia species by distinctive morphological characters, such as very small stature, unbranched stems, small and plicate leaf blades, small inflorescences and bract with a soft spine at apex, small flowers, and notably short yellow anther crest ornamented with dark red lines. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cheirostylis sherriffii, a Newly Recorded Species of Orchidaceae from China FU Xiao-ying, XIONG Chi 2024, 53(5): 471-473.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.05.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1076KB) ( )   Cheirostylis sherriffii N. Pearce & P. J. Cribb was reported as a newly recorded species of Orchidaceae from China. The report included characteristic descriptions and color photos. This species was similar to C. glandulifera (Aver.) J. M. H. Shaw, but could be distinguished by its erect stems, short rhizome, 3-6 flowered inflorescence, and pale green sepals and petals. Voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of Guangxi Institute of Botany (IBK). References | Related Articles | Metrics

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New Records and New Form of Spermatophyte Distributed in Anhui Province SUN Xiang-yang, SHEN Lang, ZHU Hao, MA Hai-jun, NI Wei-yong, FANG Hong-ming, LI Xiao-hong, SHAO Jian-wen, LIU Kun 2024, 53(5): 474-477.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.05.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1749KB) ( )   Based on field survey and specimen examination, three species and one form are reported as new records in Anhui Province, viz. Elsholtzia argyi Lévl f. albiflora X. Y. Sun & Kun Liu , Euonymus dielsianus Loes. ex Diels, Goodyera velutina Maxim, Ardisia alyxiifolia Tsiang ex C. Chen, in which, Elsholtzia argyi f. albiflora is a new form. This paper briefly describes the distribution, habitat, major identifying features, and differences from similar species for each species with color photos. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Status of Molecular Markers and Genomics of Anoectochilus Herba LIN Shu-qing, MA Xiang-li, XU Wen, HUANG Ze-hao 2024, 53(5): 478-486.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2024.05.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (442KB) ( )   With the development of molecular biotechnology, significant progress has been made in the molecular pharmacognosy research of Anoectochilus herba. This paper summarized the molecular pharmacognostic research on molecular identification, transcriptome sequencing, functional gene cloning and synthesis of Anoectochilus herba, and discussed the problems and prospects of molecular marker biotechnology in the genetic analysis, molecular identification and functional gene discovery, in order to further promote the protection, development and utilization of Anoectochilus herba resources. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Introduction of Nomenclature Section of ⅩⅩ International Botanical Congress MA Jin-shuang 2024, 53(5): 487-494.  Abstract ( )   PDF (1082KB) ( )   References | Related Articles | Metrics