Subtropical Plant Science

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Xylose Reductase Gene from Aspergillus oryzae

HONG Zhi-hong,DU Yu,LIN Yi,CHEN Hong-wen

2013, 42(03): 187-192. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2013.03.001

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Xylose reductase (XR, EC 1.1.1.21) is one of the key enzymes of xylose metabolism for the eukaryotic microorganism. The XR gene (xr) from Aspergillus oryzae was amplified by PCR and cloned (GenBank accession number: FJ957890.1). Then the similarity of amino acid sequences, phylogenetic trees, physic-chemical property and protein structure were analyzed bioinformatically. Sequence analysis reveals that the length of xr is 1449 bp, which contains 960 bp open reading frame encoding 319 amino acids. A. oryzae XR has high sequence identity with other strain XR. The presence of two aldo-keto reductase family signatures, a putative coenzyme-binding active site signature and a typical parallel beta-8/alpha-8-barrel tertiary structure suggests that XR is a member of aldo-keto reductase superfamily. The obtained information lays the basis for the expression of XR and further research on xylose metabolic regulation and widely industrial application of A. oryzae.

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Optimization of Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis System for Analyzing ‘Hongroumiyou’ Juice Sacs Proteins

WU Yang,CHEN Qing-xi

2013, 42(03): 193-198. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2013.03.002

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In order to establish proteomics research system for analyzing ‘Hongroumiyou’ juice sacs proteins, using ‘Hongroumiyou’ juice sacs in initial color change stage as test material, exploring the most suitable 2-DE system parameters. The results indicated that compared with TCA-acetone extraction method, phenol extraction method was more appropriate for ‘Hongroumiyou’ juice sacs total protein yield. Using 18 cm, pH 4～7 linner immobiline combined with 18 cm, pH 3～10 linner immobiline could had clear and high resolution 2-DE patterns. Both of the best isoelectric focused parameter was 43 000 vhs and 30 000 vhs, respectively.

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The Preliminary Research of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Extract from Eclipta prostrata

OUYANG Pu-yue,Liang Yong-shu,MO Xiao-lu,CHEN Gong-xi,SHENG Long-qiang

2013, 42(03): 199-204. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2013.03.003

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Through the bacteriostatic test of extract from Eclipta prostrata, one of medical plants in the west of Hunan, the results are as follows. (1) The antibacterial substance only exists in the petiole and rhizome. (2) The minimal inhibitory concentration of the extract on Staphylococcus aureus, Escheichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus are 0.6, 2.0, 0.8, 1.0 g/mL respectively; the minimal bactericidal concentration all are 1.0 g/mL; but it is ineffective on Aspergillus niger. (3) In order to get the extract that has the optimum antibacterial effect, the solvent should be alkaline 65% ethyl alcohol. The bacteriostatic test by different polar solvent shows that the antibacterial substance easily dissolved in non-polar solvent such as petroleum ether, ethyl ether. (4) The extract may be flavone substance.

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Optimization of Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Leaves by Response Surface Methodology

ZHENG Meng-jiao,CHEN Qing-xi

2013, 42(03): 205-210. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2013.03.004

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The Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves were used as the meterials, and the response surface methodology was used to optimize the flavonoids extraction process, which was designed by Box-Behnken. The results showed that the optimum conditions for extracting flavonoids from H. rosa-sinensis leaves was: the ethanol concentration 70%, 70 min ultrasound treatment and the ratio of solid 40:1. Under the optimum conditions, the yield of flavonoids was 34.56 mg/g.

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Analysis of Total Flavonoids in Pyrrosia Petiolosa from Different Areas

ZHANG Qi-chao,WANG Ping,GAO De-min

2013, 42(03): 211-212. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2013.03.005

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The analysis of the total flavonoids content of Pyrrosia petiolosa in different areas and different parts was determined by UV spectrophotometer. The results showed that the total flavonoids content varied from different medical parts of the plants and different areas. The total flavonoids content was the highest from Kunming, Yunan and the least from Jinan, Shandong. The flavonoids were mainly distributed in the leaves, and the lowest in the root.

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Study on Pharmacognostical Histology of Peucedanum japonicum

ZHANG Hong-bing,YANG Cheng-zi

2013, 42(03): 213-218. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2013.03.006

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Character identification and microscopic identification was used to study the pharmacognostical histology of P. japonicum. The results showed as follows. In cross section of the roots, nearly square or oblong stone cells were mingled with the cork layer of root. The cortex and phloem had vittas ranked in a ring; cylindrical stem showed 25～40 longitudinal ridges, and the inside of ridges contained collenchyma and vitas. The vascular bundle situated in the inside of ridges was more developed; the leaf was isolateral; vittas were obviously discovered above and below the vascular bundles and in the phloem, and its parenchyma cells contained aurantiamarin crystals which were radial or needle cluster. Those features of pharmacognostical histology are stable, dependable and can serve as one of references for the identification of P. japonicum.

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Study on the Variation of Height and Ground Diameter of One-year-old Lindera Increment

KANG Yong-wu

2013, 42(03): 219-222. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2013.03.007

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The study was carried out on growth regularity of one-year Lindera about height and ground diameter after sowing and cultivation. After regular determination, the relationship between the time, height and diameter was fitted into the mathematical mode on ordinal samples cluster and regression analysis. The results indicated that the growth period of one-year Lindera sown seedling could be divided into four periods: The seedling stage, the initial stage, growing vigorously stage and the late stage of growth. The height of Lindera, in the seeding and initial stage was occupied small proportion, the sum of both accounted for 7.93% which was 14.55% lower than the late stage of growth. The ground diameter of Lindera was 18.03% in the seedling growth, 11.47% in the late stage of growth and 8.2% in the initial stage. The time of height and diameter accounted 46.67%, but its increment was accounted for 77.51% and 62.30% of the total increment respectively in growing vigorously stage. There was a significant relationship between the time, height and the ground diameter, the growth curve was of high reliability, which could be used to estimate and analyze the variation of height and ground diameter of one-year-old Lindera at different growth stages.

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Analysis on Chromosome Number of 19 Cultivars in Phalaenopsis

CHEN He-ming,GUANG Long-hui,ZHU Gen-fa,L? Fu-bing,

2013, 42(03): 223-226. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2013.03.008

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Chromosome number of 19 cultivars in Phalaenopsis was analyzed by conventional pressed slice. The results showed that majority of cultivars was tetraploid which tetraploid was 57.9%, triploid was 10.5% and aneuploidy was 31.6%. In this experiment, Phalaenopsis Liu's Fantasy and Phalaenopsis Queen Beer were infertility which showed the general characteristics of triploid.

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Structure and Distribution Pattern of Cyclobalanopsis multinervis Population in an Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest in Baishanzu

PAN Xia,ZHOU Rong-fei,GU Sha-sha,XIA Jia-tian,WANG Dan-dan,DING Bing-yang

2013, 42(03): 227-232. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2013.03.009

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In the study, we applied the theoretical spatial distribution model and 5 aggregation intensity indices to assess the spatial distribution pattern of Cyclobalanopsis multinervis in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Baishanzu National Nature Reserve. The results show that the shape of size structure of the C. multinervis population is pyramid with wide base and narrow top, which indicates the population is stable in this forest. The species bearing whole range of size classes shows regeneration fluctuation. Distribution patterns of the whole population and different growth stages of the species are clumped in general. The extent of aggregation reduces along with size class of trees, suggesting a loosing tendency to large trees for random distribution. The synthesized effect of species’ biological characteristics, habitat and environmental resources occupied, influences the population structure and distribution pattern of C. multinervis.

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Investigation of Lichens in Dabie Mountain

LI Na,WANG Yu-liang

2013, 42(03): 233-237. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2013.03.010

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Lichen specimens collected from Dabie Mountain, totally 57 species in 19 genera, were examined from taxonomical arrangement and chemical analysis aspects. Among them, Ramalina yasudae and Umbilicaria kisovana are reported as new distributions to Anhui Province and Dabie Mt.. The genus which contained the most species is Ochrolechia, followed by Cladonia and Lobaria, with corticolous lichens as common growing type in that region. Seven lichen substances were detected by thin-layer chromatography, and species with atranorin were more common in the test. In addition, the distribution and ecology information about the new record species were described simply.

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Preliminary Study on Ovary Culture of Interspecific Hybrids between Cymbidium hybridium and Cymbidium sinense

ZENG Bi-yu,XU Chuan-jun,ZHANG Qing-mei,HUANG Qing-yun

2013, 42(03): 238-240. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2013.03.011

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Interspecific hybridization between Cymbidium hybridium and C. sinense is an effective approach to obtain fragrant, easy flowering, early flowering and disease resistant varieties. Interspecific hybridization was carried out with Cymbidium hybridium as female parent and with C. sinense as male parent. Three combinations of interspecific hybridization were designed. Ovary culture of hybrids was used to overcome the incompatibility between the species. The effect of different time in vitro of ovaries on ovary culture had been analyzed. The results showed that the germination rate had significant difference with the time in vitro of ovaries for the same combination. There were differences in the optimal incubation time for the ovary culture of three combinations. The optimal incubation time for the ovary culture of three combinations was 90, 120 and 100 days after pollination，and the germination rate could reach 80.0%, 80.0% and 60.0%, respectively.

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The Study on Tuber and Tube Seedlings Breeding of Cyperus rotundus

HE Wen-di,SUN Jing-liang,LI De-xin,NING Shu-xiang,JIANG Chang-yang

2013, 42(03): 241-244. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2013.03.012

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With the method of tissue culture, the tubers of Cyperus rotundus were used as materials to do the research on tube seedlings’ propagation. The results demonstrated that 1/3MS with the matrix of cinder was the ideal medium for adventitious buds growth, and 1/2MS+ZT 0.6 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L was the optimum medium for differentiation cultivation and subculture of growth buds. The ideal medium for rooting and miniature tuber cultivation was 1/2MS+ABT2 6.0 mg/L+ IAA 0.4 mg/L. The transplanting survival rate of tube seedlings after 30 days’ training and 60 days’ training were 96% and 89.7%. The sprout growth rate of tubers was 99.8%. The planting survival rate of tube seedlings and miniature tubers were above 99%. The tube seedlings stable planted maintained all botany characteristics of the wild Cyperus rotundus.

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The Residual Dynamics and Safety Evaluation of Cypermethrin on Bananas and the Orchard Soil

ZHANG Qi-hong,GUO Jian-hui,CAI En-xing,CHEN Li-ping

2013, 42(03): 245-248. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2013.03.013

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The degradation dynamics of cypermethrin in bananas and its orchard were studied by using GC and field experiment. The results showed that the original sediment of cypermethrin in bananas was relatively lower. The rule of cypermethrin degradation in bananas and the soil were well-fitted with first-order kinetics. On one hand, two different application doses share the same degradation coefficient, T1/2 ranged from 12.1 d to 12.88 d and T0.99 ranged from 80.3 d to 85.1 d in bananas. On the other hand, in the soil T1/2 and T0.99 were 8.0 d, 52.9 d respectively. Furthermore, after applying for 62～70 d, the residue of cypermethrin in banana orchard was less than 0.01 mg/kg. The application of cypermethrin into bananas according to the regular method in Fujian, which is an effective dose of 56.25 g/hm2, was applied continually with an interval of 7 d. So it meaned that more than 7 d can be recommended as pre-harvest time. The quality safety of their products was fulfill quality requirements of NY/T 750-2011.

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Effect of 6 Germicides on the Diseases and Growth of Anoectochilus roxburghii

WANG Wei,SU Ming-hua,LI Hui-hua,CHANG Qiang,HE En-ming,LIU Min-ling,

2013, 42(03): 249-251. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2013.03.014

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Six germicides were chosen to study their effect on the diseases and growth index of artificial cultivated Anoectochilus roxburghii. The results showed that: Carbendazim and Thiophanate-methyl played a significant effect, their relative disease control rate reached 55.3% and 47.1%; Chlorothalonil and Bismerthiazol increased the stem diameter and leaf area of A. roxburghii effectively while their relative disease control rate just reached 26.9% and 5.3%. Metalaxyl-M mancozeb and Ethylicin had no outstanding performance in both disease prevention and control and growth index promoting.

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Study on Population Dynamics of Pealius spina in Xiamen City, Fujian Province

CHEN He-jie

2013, 42(03): 252-254. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2013.03.015

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This study results showed that the occurrence peak of nymphs of Pealius spina in Xiamen were August 1, August 29, September 28 and November 12; the occurrence peak of eggs were July 26, August 29, September 28 and October 31. P. spina developed about 5 generations a year, of which the fourth generation had the highest population, and started into overwinter in mid December in Xiamen.

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The Resources of Ornamental Fruit Plants in Yunnan Province and the Landscape Application in Kunming City

GUO Li,GUAN Wen-ling,DU Yan-yan

2013, 42(03): 255-260. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2013.03.016

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The wild ornamental fruit plants of Yunnan Province and the species of ornamental fruit plants of green space in Kunming were surveyed by the way of field investigation and reference documentation. The result showed that there were 266 species of wild ornamental fruit plants in Yunnan which belong to 76 families and 183 genera; they mainly distributed over Rosaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Celastraceae, Magnoliaceae, Berberidaceae, Aquifoliaceae etc. The colors of ornamental plants' fruits were mostly red, next yellow, deep color, green, rarely white. The ornamental fruit plants applied in Kunming were 84 species belonging to 31 families, 52 genera. And the landscape application of fruit plants in Kunming city was found the following problems: (1) application of greening was not widely; (2) number of species applied in landscape was small; (3) most ornamental fruit plants failed to grow well; (4) the application form was single, and most landscape structures were single layers so that the effect of landscape was not prominent.

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Palms Resource and Its Landscape Application in Xiamen City, Fujian Province

LIANG Yu-qin

2013, 42(03): 261-266. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2013.03.017

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Through the investigation of palms resource in Xiamen and the observation of their adaptability, the article summarized 104 species of Palms which suit to be popularized and applied in Xiamen. The species, quantity and frequency of the palms used in Xiamen landscape also be accounted, to show the present situation of palms landscape application in Xiamen.

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Selection and Application of Wind-resistant and Salt-tolerant Landscape Plants in Pingtan Island, Fujian Province

SU Yan-ping

2013, 42(03): 267-270. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2013.03.018

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Based on the field investigation of plants in Pingtan Haitan island and access to relevant information, selected for Pingtan wind-resistant and salt-tolerant landscape plants, including 34 kinds of arbors, 28 kinds of shrubs, 26 kinds of ground covers and 1 kind of mangrove plants. According to the different types of tuyere zone green space for coastal shelter belts, four wind gaps of landscape road around the island, Zhuyu lake, proposed wind-resistant and salt-tolerant landscape plants configuration examples, to provide the reference for Pingtan and the islands of Fujian coastal landscaping work.

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Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Phymatosorus scolopendria

YOU Li-li,ZOU Ji-xin

2013, 42(03): 271-271. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2013.03.019

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