Subtropical Plant Science

Exploration of Early Diagnostic Indexes of Magnesium Deficiency in the Leaves of Citrus reticulata ‘Shatangju’

CHEN Wei-li,LI Juan,CHEN Jie-zhong,YAO Qing

2016, 45(03): 201-206. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2016.03.001

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In this study, the 2-year-old seedlings of Citrus reticulata ‘Shatangju’ grafted on Poncirus trifoliata were used as experimental materials with two treatments: the magnesium-deficiency treatment and the control. The contents of magnesium, chlorophyll, sucrose, starch, abscisic acid and the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase, acid invertase, pyruvate kinase of ‘Shatangju’ leaves were measured to find some indexes predicting whether the plant be lack of magnesium in advance. The results were as follows: comparing with the control, the content of leaf magnesium was significantly lower at 112 d, but there was no significant difference in cholorophyll; the content of sucrose temporarily increased at 28 d after lacking magnesium, and then restored to the control level. Besides, ABA content significantly increased at 56 d and 70 d, but not at other sampling time. The content of starch in the leaves short of was not significantly different from the control throughout the entire experiment, so was the activity of pyruvate kinase. And the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase and acid invertase declined significantly at 14 d, and the latter responded sensitively to magnesium deficiency all the time. So it was preliminarily concluded that the activity of acid invertase in ‘shatangju’ leaves could be used as an instant response index for magnesium deficiency, meanwhile the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase and contents of sucrose and ABA could be used as supplementary indexes.

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Effects of Cadmium Stress on the Physiological Characteristics of Echinochloa crusgalli

CHEN Wei,JIN Chen-zhong,WU Xiao-feng,BAI Lian-yang,PENG Qiong

2016, 45(03): 207-211. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2016.03.002

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The physiological properties under different Cd2+ concentrations (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mg穔g-1) were investigated for the potential use of Echinochloa crusgalli as a candidate for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils. In tillering stage, the photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities were increased under 0.3 mg穔g-1 Cd2+ stress, and 0.6, 0.9 mg穔g-1 of Cd2+ stress inhibited photosynthesis, but promoted the antioxidant enzyme activities and MDA content. In tillering stage, antioxidant enzyme activities was improved under 3.0 mg穔g-1 Cd2+ stress, and MDA content increased under 6.0 mg穔g-1 Cd2+ stress. In heading stage, the photosynthesis was inhibited under 0.6 mg穔g-1 and 6.0 mg穔g-1 Cd2+ stress, and the antioxidant enzyme activities were also inhibited under high Cd stress. The proline content was increased under Cd stress, showing the higher resistance of Cd stress.

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Comparison on SPAD Values of Leaves in Five Species of Mangroves

ZHANG Wei,CHEN Yue-chao,SHANG Xiu-hua,XU Fang-hong,WU Zhi-hua

2016, 45(03): 212-215. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2016.03.003

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Leaf chlorophyll contents (SPAD Value) in 5 species of mangrove plants were studied and compared by SPAD-502. The results showed that leaf SPAD values of mangrove plants had significant differences among plots and even in the same plant. SPAD values from 15 sample plots were grouped into 7 groups by Duncan’s multiple range test of one-way ANOVA, meanwhile, SPAD values had also extremely significant interspecific differences. SPAD value of Kandelia obvolata was highest (70.4), those of Rhizophora stylosa, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Avicennia marina and Aegiceras corniculatum were 65.9, 62.9, 51.9 and 48.6 respectively, and the SPAD means of 5 species was 60.5. Best linear unbiased prediction was used to estimate of random effects, and the results showed that effect of species factor was very significant (P<0.01) and stronger than effect of plot factor, which meant mangrove species was a main factor influencing leaf SPAD value and indicated different site conditions had also effects on it. The correlation analysis showed that SPAD values in 5 species of mangrove plants had significant positive correlation with their basal diameter and tree height.

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Regulative Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus, P and Auxin on the Lateral Root Formation of Poncirus trifoliata

XU Peng-yang,CHEN Wei-li,ZHU Hong-hui,LI Juan,CHEN Jie-zhong,YAO Qing

2016, 45(03): 216-220. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2016.03.004

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To explore the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), P level and auxin on plant lateral root (LR) formation, AMF strain (Rhizophagus irregularis BGC JX04B) was inoculated to Poncirus trifoliata seedlings at two P levels, which was applied with IBA, TIBA and water as control, and the regulative effects of AMF, P level and auxin on LR formation of trifoliate orange were investigated. The results showed that AMF did not significantly affect the plant biomass and LR number, but significantly decreased the 1st order LR length. P level did not significantly affect the plant biomass, LR number and length. TIBA significantly decreased the plant biomass, LR number and length, while IBA did not significantly influence these parameters. AMF and auxin showed significant interaction on the primary root length, and AMF, P level and auxin showed significant interaction on the 2nd and 3rd order LR number. These data suggested that auxin signaling pathway could be involved in the regulation of AMF and P level on LR formation, and the auxin transportation should be the key factor in LR formation of trifoliate orange.

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Effects of Blue LEDs on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Anoectochilus formosanus

L? Zhen-cheng,YE Lu-lu,PENG Yong-hong

2016, 45(03): 221-224. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2016.03.005

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This study was carried out to investigate the influence of different wavelength blue LEDs (445, 465, 485 nm) on growth index and flavonoid content of Anoectochilus formosanus. The results showed that 445 and 465 nm treatment promoted the fresh weight, root activity and chlorophyll a/b, as well as the accumulation of soluble sugar and soluble protein. In comparison with control group, the soluble protein content of 445 nm treatment group was increased by 33.52%, and the soluble sugar content under 465 nm treatment was increased by 12.77%. The flavonoid content of 465 nm treatment group was up to 18.23 mg穏-1, which was 34.54% higher than that of control group. In short, 445 nm or 465 nm blue LEDs could be selected as independent or multipled light source in cultivating A. formosanus plantlets in practice.

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The Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenol Compounds Using ORAC

CHANG Qiang,SU Ming-hua,CHEN Qing-xi,ZENG Bi-yu,WANG Wei,LI Hui-hua

2016, 45(03): 225-229. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2016.03.006

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The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method was validated, and then ORAC values of selected 20 phenolic compounds were determined. The results indicated that linearity (R2 =0.997), limit of detection and limit of quantification (0.5—3.1 μmol·L-1), precision (＜18%), accuracy (91%—105%) were determined. And ellagic acid and gallic acid had strong antioxidant activity in p-hydroxy benzoic acid compounds. Caffeic acid and its derivatives had highest antioxidant activity in hydroxy cinnamic acid. In the flavonoid constituents, flavan-3-ols showed good antioxidant properties, followed by flavonol. ORAC was considered as simple, efficient detection method of standardization for evaluation of antioxidant activity of the phenolic compounds.

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Development of Rose Pu’er Tea Beverage

LIN Qiu-xiang,CHEN Bang-fu,LIU Qian-gang

2016, 45(03): 230-234. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2016.03.007

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Pu’er tea and rose flowers were used as the main raw material to develop a mellow taste, high aroma of tea drinks by the method of orthogonal experimental technique, enzymatic hydrolysis technology, conventional extraction. The results showed that the extraction optimum process parameters for: Rose Pu’er raw material blending ratio of rose flower 32.5%, stored a year ripe Pu’er tea 67.5%; Extraction time 40 min, tea quality ratio of 1∶25, extraction temperature of 90 ℃, extracting for twice; Soaking liquid adding 0.08% tannin enzyme and 0.04% flavor protease enzyme, rose tea extract 71.40 mL, white granulated sugar 41.60 g, Vc 0.20 g, citric acid sodium: 0.14 g, water 893.19 mL. The beverage tasting the soup color was bright red to clarify, and had obvious rose fragrance and tea fragrance, and tasted mellow and refreshing, moist slip of the tongue. There was no precipitation in rose Pu’er tea during one-year shelf life at room temperature.

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A Preliminary Study on Anthocyanin Content in Blood Orange Tarocco from Hunan Province

ZHANG Wen,KONG You-han,LI Xian-xin,WU Juan-juan,YUAN Ping,LUO Sai-nan

2016, 45(03): 235-237. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2016.03.008

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In order to have a good understand of blood orange Tarocco cultivation, as well as the synthetic period and relative content of anthocyanin, this experiment chosed the appropriate sampling points by collecting fruits each 30 d after flowering 100 d. Then the method of pH differential was used to determine anthocyanin contents of blood orange Tarocco, with the navel orange as a contrast. The results showed that anthocyanin was not observed in the navel orange during developing and anthocyanins in blood orange Tarocco was detected after flowering 220 d and anthocyanin content reached 5.98 mg?L-1 after 250 d flowering, anthocyanin content was 12.09 mg?L-1 after 280 d flowering. With fruit developing of blood orange Tarocco, accumulation of anthocyanin increased gradually.

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The Phylogenetic Relationship of Original Plants of Agarwood in Thymelaeaceae Based on rbpL Gene

ZHANG Yu-jin,LIU Zhao,LI Rong-chun,YANG Xiao-jun,SU Juan

2016, 45(03): 238-241. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2016.03.009

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The phylogenetic relationship of Thymelaeaceae was reconstructed based on rbpL gene, whose sequences data was downloaded from NCBI. The phylogenetic of Thymelaeaceae was used to found the potential original plants of agarwood. This result showed that the genera of Octolepis, Lethedon, Arnhemia, Daphnopsis, Solmsia and Deltaria might produce agarwood according to the genetic relationship.

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RAPD Analysis on the Genetic Diversity of Hovenia acerba in Fujian Province

HUANG Wen,HU Ying-ping,LI A-chi,YANG Zhi-jian,MING Yan-lin,CHEN Hui

2016, 45(03): 242-247. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2016.03.010

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The methods of RAPD molecular markers were used to study genetic diversity and the genetic relationship of 35 germplasms of Hovenia acerba from 12 provenances. The reaction system of RAPD fitting for analyzing the genetic diversity of H. acerba were established and optimized. The results showed that 193 locus of genomic DNA in total were detected in 10 RAPD primers, of which there were 161 polymorphic locus (83.42%). The number of alleles (Na) was 1.8342, the effective number of alleles (Ne) was 1.4155, Nei’s gene diversity (H) was 0.2493, Shannon’s information index (I) was 0.3822. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that the similarity coefficient is about 0.754, the 35 copies of H. acerba germplasms could be classified into 5 groups. RAPD molecular markers could well reflect genetic differences and the genetic diversity among H. acerba. Thirty-five materials measured from 12 provenances of H. acerba showed abundant genetic diversity, which had great potential for exploitation and utilization.?

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A Survey on the Cyatheaceae in Baichong Nature Reserve in Yangchun, Guangdong, South China

ZUO Zheng-yu,WU Shi-yuan,DONG Shi-yong

2016, 45(03): 248-254. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2016.03.011

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Baichong Nature Reserve, a mountainous region within Yunkai Mountains, is situated in western Guangdong, China where the scaly tree ferns are very common. However, we do not have a list of species, nor an evaluation of the amount of individuals for each species of Cyatheaceae in the reserve. To know the exact species and the resource amount of them we conducted a detailed survey in Baichong Nature Reserve in April 2016. As a result, four species are detected in the reserve, namely Alsophila spinulosa, Gymnosphaera gigantea, G. metteniana, and G. podophylla. Based on the fact that the tree ferns are restricted to pathways in forest, including the habitats just on and beside the pathways and the valleys distributed along pathways, we develop a new method to calculate the resource amount of each species. The calculating method can be summarized as adding up the number of plants according to the length of forest pathways where tree ferns grow. Based on the calculating method and the data from 10 quadrats and two belt transects, the resource amount of the four species are evaluated as: ca. 900 adult individuals for A. spinulosa, 15 000 for G. gigantea, 320 for G. metteniana, and 4500 for G. podophylla. It proves that Baichong Nature Reserve is one of main conserving places for G. gigantea in southern China.

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Vertical Band Forest Community Characteristics and Geographical Region Component in Huanggang Mountain Northwest Slope

LEI Ping,YAN Yu-hong,WU Shu-yu,XU Xin-yu,GUO Ying-rong

2016, 45(03): 255-259. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2016.03.012

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In order to study vertical band forest community characteristics and geographical region component, 5 community-type zones were set in Huanggang Mountain northwest slope, followed by evergreen broad-leaved forest, evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, broadleaf-conifer mixed forest, coniferous forest, middle-mountain moss elfin wood. Through statistical analysis, the results showed that Huanggang Mountain vertical band forest were made up of typical mid-subtropical zonal vegetation, evergreen broadleaf and evergreen coniferous trees as the main dominant species. Species similarity index showed that there were great difference of the species composition in different vegetation communities, but also showed the forest rich species diversity in Huanggang Mountain. Floristic composition was complex and diverse, and had the nature of from tropical transition to temperate zone properties, but the mainly elements also was tropical.

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Community Characteristics of Polygonatum cyrtonema from Fujian Province

WANG Jin-dun,ZHOU Dong-xiong,ZHENG Shuang-quan,LI Shao-ling,FU Bin-ye,GAO Hong,WENG Fa-jin

2016, 45(03): 260-266. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2016.03.013

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The plants flora composition and characteristics of Polygonatum cyrtonema community in Fujian province were analyzed by sample plot investigation method. The results showed that there were 378 species of vascular plants in 254 genera and 100 families, belonging to 13 family areal types and 24 genus areal types. The community was dominated obviously by tropical geographical elements with 123 genera and 40 families, respectively 75.47% and 57.75% out of the family and genera of total plants. Among them, pantropical distribution (25 families, 45 genera) dominated in geographical elements with 47.17% of families and 21.13% of genera. Temperate distribution included 13 families and 87 genera, respectively occupying 24.53% and 40.85%. Endemic plants to China included 3 genera, proportion of 1.40%. The community put up those features of species rich, species diversity good, geographical elements complex, tropical elements obvious, temperate elements plentiful, ancient origin of flora and also existing lots of endemic elements.

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Life Form Spectra of Fagus longipetiolata Communities in Junzifeng Natural Reserve from Fujian Province, China

YAN Yuan-su

2016, 45(03): 267-270. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2016.03.014

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According to taxonomic system of Raunkiaer, the flora compositions of three Fagus longipetiolata communities along elevations gradient were investigated, and their life form spectra were analyzed in Junzifeng Natural Reserve, Fujian Province. The results showed that there were local climates characteristic of hot and rainy but with a long term hard winter season. And phanerophyte were dominant in the communities, hemicryptophyte secondly,燾hamaephytes and cryptophytes were less or none and without therophyte.

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Study on the Introducing Growth-Adaptability of the Individual and Stands of 12-year-old Pinus elliottii ? P. caribaea in North-West of Fujian

WU Qi-zhi

2016, 45(03): 271-274. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2016.03.015

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The growth distribution of height and breast-diameter of 12-year stands of Pinus elliottii ? P. caribaea were studied with statistics analysis in the northwest of Fujian. The results indicated that the growth distribution of height and breast-diameter showed the normal-distribution and the distribution of height and breast-diameter were respectively from 3 m to 14 m and from 2 cm to 22 cm. The early-height-growth and of P. elliottii ? P. caribaea was better than that of P. massoniana, but the diameter breast height growth of P. massoniana was better after 6 years, until growing 12 years the breast-diameter growth of P. massoniana and P. elliottii ? P. caribaea were approximate. The volume-growth of average individual of P. massoniana comparing with P. elliottii ? P. caribaea were better in 12 years stands, but the volume-growth of average individual of P. massoniana became lower from 11 years and the volume-growth of average individual of P. elliottii ? P. caribaea kept strong growth. The volume-growth of the different individual was in the fast growth period and the volume-growth of P. elliottii ? P. caribaea was strong growth.

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Application of Google Earth APP in the Chinese Materia Medica Resource General Survey

YANG Shuo,CAO Zheng-fei,XUE Yuan-yuan,ZHANG Wei,ZHAO Hong

2016, 45(03): 275-278. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2016.03.016

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The areas for resource survey are often the specific areas randomly-generated from the resource information system. These areas are always located in the remote places and make the field survey work time-consuming and inaccuracy by using the common position system. In addition, the road and the environment around the survey sites are always unavailable until the investigator get there. In this paper we transformed the GPS information of survey area into the landmark file and imported it into the Google Earth application in the cellphone. As a result, the survey areas can be accurately and real-time searched in the cellphone. In addition, the road and the environment around the survey sites can be shown on the cellphone screen. Therefore, we provide a convenience, efficient and visual position system for the field investigation of resource survey.

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Comparison爋n燤icrostructure of Anoectochilus roxburghii and A. formosanus

LIN Mei-zhen,CHEN Yu-qing,CHEN Mei-yan,TIAN Hui-qiao

2016, 45(03): 279-282. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2016.03.017

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The microscopic structures of roots, stems, leaves of Anoectochilus roxburghii and A. formosanus were observed by paraffin sections and epidermis. The results showed that differences of microstructure between both plants are on cortex thickness and number of vascular bundle of root, and the structure, vein color, papilate cell shape, stomatal density of the leaf. All of these differences can be used as microspcopic identification of both plants.

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Three Species of Vascular Plants Newly Recorded in Fujian Province

LI Heng,CHEN Yong-bin,GAO Yuan-long,XIE Ming,GUO Na,FAN Yu-shan

2016, 45(03): 283-284. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2016.03.018

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In the national fourth investigation on the medicinal material resources in Jianning County of Fujian Province, three new distribution records of vascular plants were found. They were respectively Huperzia sutchueniana (Herter) Ching, Huperzia quasipolytrichoides (Hayata) Ching, Hieracium umbellatum L. The voucher specimens were deposited in the herbarium of Fujian Vocational College of Bioengineering.

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Effect of Different Concentrations of IBA and NAA on Clerodendrum speciosum Cutting

ZHU Jin-xin,FENG Jia-yi,WENG Shu-fei,LI Can,LUO Qian

2016, 45(03): 285-289. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2016.03.019

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Taking Clerodendrum speciosum as test material, using different concentrations of IBA and NAA mixed solution reproduce cutting experiment was conducted on C. speciosum, comparing the result of September and November, in order to screen out the best concentration combination of improving the C. speciosum cuttage seedling. The results showed that when the concentration of NBA was 50 mg稬-1 and that of IBA was 150 mg稬-1 or 200 mg稬-1 mixed, with this method the rate of survival and rooting was the highest (100% in November). The maximum of average root number and average root length were 9.4 and 4.9 times than that of the control. When the concentration of NBA was 50 mg稬-1 and that of IBA was 150 mg稬-1, the root effective indexes was high in both months, the highest number was 6.42. And then we comprehensively evaluated the effects on rooting of each treatment combination of two months respectively by subordinate function analysis. The results showed that 150 mg稬-1 or 200 mg稬-1 IBA and 50 mg稬-1 NAA mixed solution should be used for the cutting propagation of the C. speciosum in order to achieve the best root quality.

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Research Progress of Photoprotection Mechanism in Plants

ZHOU Li-ying,FU Zhong,BU Lu-lu,YANG Chun-lei,GAO Ting,YANG Zheng-an

2016, 45(03): 290-294. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2016.03.020

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The photoprotective mechanism is a protective measure to deal with the complex and changeable natural environment. These measures from morphological, physiological and biochemical aspects reflect the ability of plants to adapt to the environment. According to the mechanism of inhibition of light, light damage to present situation and the plant defense mechanisms and xanthophyll cycle in higher plants mechanism studies were reviewed in recent years. It was believed that the defense mechanism of the xanthophyll cycle plant photoprotection is one of the important measures for plant photoprotection.

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A Textual Research on the Historical Process about Prunus mume and Chimonanthus praecox Acquainted by Westerners

LI Jing-bo,DENG Lian

2016, 45(03): 295-300. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2016.03.021

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A large number of detailed literature materials from 17th century to 20th century were combed. Their history contribution about acquainting, naming, collecting, breeding Mei flower and Wintersweet were analyzed and compared. Finally, the dilemma about extension of Mei flower and Wintersweet in the world was investigated into the root causes.

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